http://hdl.handle.net/2142/812 Waste Management and Research Center RR Series Search the Channel search https://www.ideals.uiuc.edu/simple-search http://hdl.handle.net/2142/3486 Title: Applicability of Microfiltration for Recycling Semi-Synthetic Metalworking Fluids <br/> <br/>Authors: Wentz, John E.; Kapoor, Shiv G.; DeVor, Richard E.; Rajagopalan, Nandakishore <br/> <br/>Abstract / Summary: This research seeks to investigate the applicability of microfiltration technology by investigating the membrane fouling mechanisms at work in the system. It also aims to reduce fouling through adjustment of operating parameters and the design of a new semi-synthetic MWF that significantly reduces the impact of membrane fouling. <br/> <br/>Keywords: Metalworking fluids; WMRC Reports; Filters and filtration; Membrane filters; Membranes (Technology); Recycling http://hdl.handle.net/2142/3484 Title: An Assessment of Metals Distribution and Transport in Groundwater Beneath the Diked Sediment Disposal Area, DePue Wildlife Management Area, Illinois <br/> <br/>Authors: Wehrmann, H. Allen; Kelley, Walton R.; Holm, Thomas R.; Carr, Keith <br/> <br/>Abstract / Summary: Potential toxic metal (Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu) contamination of groundwater at the periodically flooded DePue Dredged Sediment Disposal Area (DSDA), was assessed through the collection of groundwater and soil samples and water level data, geochemical modeling, and leaching and microcosm experiments. The median Zn concentrations in groundwater at three locations were between 2 and 5 mg/L. There was no evidence that contaminated groundwater has migrated offsite. Based on lake-sediment and soil data, the order of decreasing mobility in the site groundwater was Zn > Cu > Cd > Pb. Small amounts of Zn and Cd (< 2%) were leached from soil samples inside the DSDA in leaching experiments. About half of the dissolved Zn and Cd from groundwater samples can be accounted for by leaching, suggesting desorption was a major control for Zn and Cd. Chemical equilibrium calculations indicated that several reactions, including CdCO3 precipitation, coprecipitation of Zn with CaCO3, and sorption to ferric oxide, may retain the metals in the subsurface. Aqueous Zn concentrations were greatest in aerobic microcosms, lowest in sulfate-reducing microcosms, and intermediate in iron-reducing microcosms. Zinc would thus be expected to be most mobile in DePue soils during the early stages of flooding, when the soils are saturated but before conditions become anaerobic. <br/> <br/>Keywords: DePue, Lake (Ill.) -- Environmental conditions; Lake Depue (Ill.) -- Environmental aspects; WMRC Reports; Metals -- Environmental aspects -- Illinois -- Lake DePue; Dredging -- Environmental aspects -- Illinois -- Lake DePue http://hdl.handle.net/2142/2274 Title: Characteristics and Treatment of the Dental Waste Water Stream <br/> <br/>Authors: Cailas, Michael D.; Drummond, James L.; Tung-Yi, Wu; Ovsey, Victor G. <br/> <br/>Abstract / Summary: Dental amalgam consists of approximately equal parts mixture of metallic mercury and an alloy powder consisting of silver, tin, copper and zinc. Amalgam has been used extensively as a tooth filling material, accounting for 75% of posterior restorations. The waste material from dental offices generated during restorative dental procedures contains amalgam. The uncontrolled discharge of this waste into the sewer system from a large number of dental units (i.e. dental clinics), will increase the mercury load to treatment facilities and could eventually contribute higher potential mercury exposure as well. The main objective of this project was to characterize the properties of the dental waste (DW) stream. <br/> <br/>Keywords: Dental materials -- Environmental aspects; Dentistry -- Pollution prevention; Dentistry -- Source reduction (Waste management); Mercury -- Environmental aspects; Medical wastes -- Environmental aspects; Water -- Pollution; Dental offices -- Waste disposal; Medical wastes -- Illinois; Hazardous wastes -- Illinois http://hdl.handle.net/2142/2273 Title: Microlubrication in Metal Machining Operations <br/> <br/>Authors: Machining Xcellence <br/> <br/>Abstract / Summary: Spent metal removal fluid (cutting fluid, lubricant, coolant, etc.) is a significant waste stream from the metal fabrication industry. The quantity of waste generated and the cost of fluid purchases could be reduced by microlubrication (minimum quantity lubrication, mist lubrication) methods of fluid delivery. In microlubrication, a fine cutting fluid mist is used, rather than the traditional method of flooding the cutting tool – workpiece interface. The metal fabrication industry is concerned that the use of microlubrication might reduce tool life negatively impacting production and increasing manufacturing costs. The purpose of this research was to compare the performance (tool life) of cutting tools lubricated and cooled using microlubrication with that of cutting tools lubricated and cooled using traditional flood application. The performance difference identified is used to calculate and compare the economic impact of microlubrication versus flood application. Discussion is also presented comparing the effect of microlubrication and flood application on the cost of fluid purchased and disposal. <br/> <br/>Keywords: Metal-working lubricants -- Environmental aspects; Metal-work -- Pollution prevention; Machining -- Source reduction (Waste management); Lubrication and lubricants -- Environmental aspects; Cutting machines -- Lubrication systems; Factory and trade waste -- Environmental aspects http://hdl.handle.net/2142/2272 Title: Effect of Barrel Design on Dragout Rate <br/> <br/>Authors: Chicago Metal Finishers Institute <br/> <br/>Abstract / Summary: New barrels for electroplating have been developed and manufacturers of some of these newer designs have claimed significant improvements in drag-out losses by their new barrels. Since water consumption and waste generation are directly tied to dragout rate from processing solutions, it is clear that there is a need to produce a method of evaluating such barrels, so that the user minimizes pollution. This study, funded by The Illinois Waste Management Research Center (WMRC) produced a benchmark test to compare drag-out rates of plating barrels. The study used this test to compare two size ranges of plating barrels, small and large. For small barrels (6” x 12”), testing showed that a reduction in dragout rate, as high as 48%, may be achieved. For large barrels (16” x 36”), testing showed that a reduction as high as 44% may be obtained. A survey was conducted to determine the relative durability of the barrels under study. The survey indicated that some of the barrels that produce lower levels of dragout (those using fine mesh) may unfortunately provide less service life, but other low dragout rate barrels offered service life that is similar to traditional barrels. <br/> <br/>Keywords: Electroplating -- Environmental aspects; Electroplating -- Pollution prevention; Tumbling (Metal finishing) -- Environmental aspects; Metals -- Finishing -- Source reduction (Waste management); Metalworking industry -- Equipment and supplies -- Testing; Electroplating -- Equipment and supplies -- Testing; Metalworking industries -- Environmental aspects http://hdl.handle.net/2142/2271 Title: Exposure to Selected Elements and Health of Raccoons from Lake Depue <br/> <br/>Authors: Levengood, Jeffrey M.; Amdor, Brett A.; Lichtensteiger, Carol A. <br/> <br/>Abstract / Summary: Previous studies have documented elevated concentrations of cadmium, copper, lead, zinc and other elements in soils and sediments in and around Lake DePue, Illinois, due to past zinc smelting operations. Concentrations of cadmium, zinc, and other selected elements in the blood, kidney, liver, and pancreas were determined for 29 raccoons collected during 1999-2000, at Lake DePue, Illinois, and reference sites in Bureau (Donnelley Fish and Wildlife Area [FWA]) and Champaign (University of Illinois [UI] Farms) Counties. In addition to the collection of tissues for the determination of analyte concentrations, post-mortem examinations were conducted, portions of kidney, liver, and pancreas were preserved for histopathological examination, and blood was collected for clinical pathology. The objectives were to (1) compare concentrations of selected elements, with emphasis on cadmium and zinc, in tissues of raccoons collected at Lake DePue with those of raccoons from reference sites and previously reported values for raccoons from Illinois, (2) examine the health of raccoons from Lake DePue relative to specimens from reference sites, and (3) examine the potential risks to other species of special concern (i.e. mink and otter), based upon concentrations of contaminants in raccoon tissues and reported effects/tissue levels in these species. <br/> <br/>Keywords: Raccoons -- Effect of pollution on -- Illinois; Zinc -- Environmental aspects; Lead -- Environmental aspects; Cadmium -- Environmental aspects; Wildlife management areas -- Illinois; Wildlife management -- Illinois; DePue, Lake (Ill.) -- Environmental conditions http://hdl.handle.net/2142/2270 Title: Non-Cyanide Silver as a Substitute for Cyanide Processes <br/> <br/>Authors: Chicago Metal Finishers Institute <br/> <br/>Abstract / Summary: Since the mid 1800s, silver has been deposited from a cyanide-based formulation on a commercial basis. Commercial non-cyanide silver plating solutions were first made generally available in the late 1970s, and yet today the vast majority, and nearly all commercial silver plating is conducted in formulations that contain cyanide. This study was conducted to determine if non-cyanide silver plating processes that have been developed in the last few years would be suitable replacements for cyanide based formulations. <br/> <br/>Keywords: Silver-plating -- Pollution prevention; Cyanide -- Environmental aspects; Metals -- Finishing -- Source reduction (Waste management) http://hdl.handle.net/2142/2269 Title: Chemical Management: Overcoming Barriers to Diffusion <br/> <br/>Authors: Bierma, Thomas J.; Waterstraat, Francis L. <br/> <br/>Abstract / Summary: Chemical management services (CMS) is an innovative alternative to traditional chemical supply, resulting in lower chemical costs and reduced chemical waste. However, we estimate that only 3%-6% of applicable companies have adopted CMS. This report identifies the most significant barriers to diffusion and provides a "Top 10" list of recommendations for strengthening and expanding the CMS industry. These 10 priority activities were derived from a comparison of the CMS and chemical industries (Part 1 of this report), and from an evaluation of the factors governing market demand for CMS (Part 2). The "Top 10" list represents broad initiatives for CMS growth; specific marketing activities must be developed by CMS suppliers, industry associations, and other organizations, such as WMRC, that seek to accelerate diffusion of CMS. <br/> <br/>Keywords: Diffusion of innovation -- Illinois; Industrial procurement; Chemicals -- Management -- Illinois; Pollution prevention -- Diffusion of innovation -- Illinois http://hdl.handle.net/2142/1966 Title: Treatment of Metal-Contaminated Sediments with Hydroxyapatite and Soluble Orthophosphate <br/> <br/>Authors: Holm, Thomas R. <br/> <br/>Keywords: WMRC reports; Sedimentation and deposition -- Illinois; Groundwater -- Pollution -- Illinois; Water -- Pollution -- Illinois; Hydroxyapatite; Lake Depue (Ill.) -- Environmental aspects http://hdl.handle.net/2142/1956 Title: Enhancement of BTEX Biodegration Rates Under Iron-Reducing Conditions <br/> <br/>Authors: Kelly, Walton R.; Machesky, Michael L. <br/> <br/>Keywords: Hydrocarbons -- Biodegradation; Benzene -- Biodegradation; Ethylbenzene -- Biodegradation; Toluene -- Biodegradation; Xylene -- Biodegradation; Benzene -- Environmental aspects; Ethylbenzene -- Environmental aspects; Toluene -- Environmental aspects; Xylene -- Environmental aspects; Aromatic compounds -- Biodegradation; Petroleum chemicals